It is not difficult to understand why the relationship between psychoanalysis and neuroscience should interest us. Briefly, the psychoanalysis is considered a science of mind and certainly, this mental activity is linked to brain structures. The ideas of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, dominated explanations of how the human mind works. From a conceptual point of view, his basic proposition was that our motivations remain largely hidden in our unconscious minds. The aim of psychotherapy, then, was to trace neurotic symptoms back to their unconscious roots and expose these roots to mature, rational judgment, thereby depriving them of their compulsive power.