Background: Mental health problems have become very common among healthcare providers. The main cause of these problems is work pressure. In this paper, we sought to find out the sources of work pressure that affect the mental health of healthcare workers, what are the long-term psychological effects of work pressure, and what are the adaptive mechanisms that healthcare workers use to deal with such issues. Methodology: We conducted a literature review to answer these questions. We used online web search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scope med, and Science Direct to find the desired studies. All the studies are originally written in English, have abstracts, and focus only on mental health issues without discussing any other disease among healthcare providers. Results: We found that the most common sources of workload are short breaks in long working shifts, interpersonal conflicts, and lack of organizational support. The long-term effects of work pressure are depression, anxiety, stress, sleeping disorders, and eating disorders. The most commonly used adaptive mechanisms are avoidance strategy, sharing knowledge, spiritual practices, exercise, and yoga. All the variables have been discussed thoroughly in the paper. Conclusion: All the knowledge discussed in the paper would help devise strategies to improve the mental health of healthcare providers. In the future longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand the mental impact of work pressure.