Objective : To study and discuss the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy and duodenoscope combined surgery for gallbladder calculus combined with extrahepatic hepatolithiasis. Methods : The sample selection time range was from January 2020 to December 2022. From the sufferers with gallbladder calculus combined with extrahepatic hepatic bile duct calculus admitted to the hospital during this period, 49 sufferers with gallbladder calculus complicated with extrahepatic hepatolithiasis who received laparoscopy and duodenoscopy double-lens combination surgery and 49 sufferers with gallbladder calculus complicated with extrahepatic hepatolithiasis who underwent laparotomy respectively were selected as study samples, and the 2 groups of sufferers were set as the study group and control group, respectively. The clinical data of sufferers in the research one and the control one were retrospectively analyzed, and the stone excretion ratio, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication ratio, postoperative recovery time, and postoperative pain score, postoperative serum inflammatory factor indicators were compared between the 2 groups, and the immune function indicators, sleep status indicators, and quality of life scores were compared between the 2 groups before and after surgery . Results : The stone removal rate of the 2 groups after operation reached 100%, and it had no obvious distinction between the control one and the research one in term of operation time ( P>0.05 ) , but in comparison of the control one, the intraoperative blood loss in the research one was less ( P<0.05 ) . In comparison of the control one, the total frequency of postoperative complications in the study one was less ( P<0.05 ) , and the time to first meal, first exhaust time, time in bed and length of stay after operation in the study one were shorter ( P<0.05 ) . From the 1st day to the 3rd day after the operation , compared with the control one, the point of pain assessment in the study one was less ( P<0.05 ) , and the measured values of serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the study one were less ( P<0.05 ) . After the operation, the detection data of the two immune function indicators CD3 ⁺ , CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺ in the 2 groups were obviously less than those before the operation; while compared with the control one, the CD3 ⁺ , CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺ in the study one were greater (all P<0.05) . After the operation, the indicators of nighttime sleep monitoring and evaluation in the 2 groups were obviously improved compared with that before the operation, while compared with the control one, the values obtained by monitoring the sleep latency and actual sleep duration in the research one were better, and the sleep quality evaluation point of research one was less (all P<0.05). After the operation , the points of the four dimensions of the life quality in the 2 groups were obviously increased compared with those before the operation, while in the comparison of the points of each dimension of the life quality between the groups, the study one was greater than the control one (all P<0.05). Conclusion : For sufferers with gallbladder calculus combined with extrahepatic hepatic bile duct calculus, laparotomy and combined laparoscopy and duodenoscope surgery all can effectively remove stones, but compared with open surgery, double mirror surgery can play a good role in improving intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, postoperative complications and other aspects, and can accelerate postoperative recovery, so that patients' sleep and quality of life can be improved, with both effectiveness and safety.