Objective: To observe the effect of endoscopic ligation and transparent cap-assisted injection of lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent on the operation situation, total effective rate and postoperative rehabilitation of patients with internal hemorrhoids. Methods: Using the random number table method, 98 patients with internal hemorrhoids admitted to our hospital were divided into two groups. One group was the control group (n=49, treated with endoscopic ligation), and the other was the therapy group (n=49, treated with transparent cap-assisted injection of lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent). The surgical conditions, total effective rate, postoperative recovery, postoperative recurrence rate, quality of life score and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no comparison of operative time and hemorrhage in both groups (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 95.91% in therapy group and 81.63% in control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the pain score, anal edema score and wound bleeding score were significantly lower in the therapy group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence rate of anus ache, anal leakage, urine retention and so on was obviously decreased 3 months later, and the rate of recurrence was obviously decreased. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the degree of hemorrhoid shedding and quality of life in the therapy group were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of lauromacrogol foam sclerosant to patients with internal hemorrhoids can reduce the probability of postoperative complications and recurrence, is safe and reliable, and can effectively reduce the economic burden of patients.