Objective To explore the application value of psychological targeted nursing in ICU patients with acquired asthenia and its influence on their psychological emotion. Methods 100 cases of severe patients in intensive nursing unit (ICU) from October 2021 to October 2022 were selected as research objects, and they were divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases) according to random number table. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given psychological targeted nursing on the basis of routine nursing. The incidence of intensive nursing unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW) and Medical Research Council score (MRC); selfrating anxiety scale (SAS) and selfrating depression scale (SDS) scores; Mechanical ventilation time, ICU hospitalization time, total hospitalization time; Satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group (22.00%), the incidence of ICU-AW in the observation group (6.00%) was significantly lower (P<0.05); Compared with that before nursing, the MRC score of the two groups decreased significantly after nursing, while the MRC score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); Compared with before nursing, SAS and SDS scores in the two groups decreased significantly after nursing, while SAS and SDS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); Compared with the control group, the time of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization time in ICU and total hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly shortened (P<0.05); Compared with the control group (82.00%), the observation group's satisfaction with nursing (98.00%) was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological targeted nursing can effectively prevent the occurrence of ICU-AW, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, reduce patients' bad psychological emotions, and improve nursing satisfaction, which has a high clinical reference value.