Objective To explore the effect of comfort nursing combined with rehabilitation training on joint function, pain level and quality of life in patients with lower extremity fractures. Methods In this study, 117 patients with lower limb fractures treated surgically in the orthopedic department of our hospital from February 2018 to January 2022 were selected as clinical study subjects by a random number table to divide them into a joint group of 59 cases and a control group of 58 cases. The control group was treated with comfort care after surgery, and the joint group was treated with rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group. The diversity of scores in postoperative pain perception, functional exercise compliance, knee joint function scores, knee joint mobility and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The VAS scores of the patients in the two groups were not statistically significant when comparing the pain level of the patients in the two groups from 1d to 14d postoperatively (P>0.05); the knee function of the joint group and the control group were evaluated at 3d postoperatively, and the scores of pain, knee function, mobility, muscle strength of the affected lower limb, knee flexion deformity, and joint stability were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05); 3 months after surgery, the HSS scale was used again to evaluate the patients’ knee function recovery. The knee function, mobility, muscle strength of the affected lower limb, and joint stability scores in the joint group were higher than those in the control group and the difference was very significant (P<0.05); when the knee mobility was evaluated 3 months after surgery, the knee mobility of patients in the joint group was higher than that of the control group and the difference between the two groups was pretty significant (P<0.05); when the survival quality of patients in the two groups was evaluated 3 months after surgery, the emotional needs score and the QLQ-C30 total score of patients in the joint group were higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the patients with rehabilitation treatment in the joint group had better compliance than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of comfort care and rehabilitation training is beneficial to the recovery of joint function, treatment compliance and survival quality of patients with lower limb fractures.