Background: Recognized since antiquity, only within the last decade has the subject of trichotillomania provoked any larger clinical interest since it has been included in the DSM-IV-TR (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Text Revision) as a disturbance of the impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. Recent data estimates its prevalence at around 3%. Although more common than it was imagined before, clinical and therapeutic aspects are still not well defined. Objective: Systematic revision in the literature of several aspects of trichotillomania and its clinical and practical theory. Method: The term “trichotillomania”, “its epidemiology”, “clinical characteristics”, “etiology”, “comorbidity” and “treatment” were searched in the data bases of Medline/ PubMed, Lilacs, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Results: Research with no clinical populations suggests that TTM is more common than it was previously suspected. Phenomenological and taxonomical aspects, comorbidity as well as therapeutic possibilities are discussed. Conclusion: Despite a growing number of recent studies, clinical and therapeutic aspects remain undefined. Based on this literature’s review, directions are suggested concerning diagnosis, treatment and future research.