Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and its plural cultural matrix reflects on diverse religious practices. In fact, a population survey indicates that more than 80% of Brazilian people attribute an important meaning for religion. Most studies clearly indicate that religiousness has an independent protector effect for physical and mental health. The last two decades mark an explosion in studies addressing the relationships between religiousness and mental health. Nevertheless, there is a predominance of investigations derived from North American samples (mainly Protestant). In Brazil, the study of the influence of religiousness on mental health is still in its infancy.