The investigation and understanding of consciousness (selfawareness) is a fascinating subject that has always attracted the interest of different professionals and laymen. No less important is the idea of the continuity of consciousness beyond the functioning of the brain/body, which has had great impact on the history of humanity. Various religious, philosophical and scientific theories and interpretations have emerged over the centuries to understand the formation and continuity of consciousness. More recently, starting from the nineteenth century, a new ideology known generally as “scientific materialism” has established itself as the main line of thought. Its premise is that everything in nature, including the origin of thought, is derived from the material world and is the product of an interaction between atoms and molecules. Although this approach is direct, objective and understandable, it has not been able to explain some phenomena related to the human mind. The consciousness itself remains a great enigma and mystery.