Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution, sleep disturbance and risk factors of respiratory tract infections in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods For retrospective analysis of 600 obstetrics and gynecology patients in xxxx hospital from January 2019-January 2021, using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI) to evaluate the sleep quality of patients for nearly 2 weeks, collected sputum samples from patients with respiratory tract infection, analyzed the distribution of pathogens, and make Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the postoperative risk factors of sleep disturbance and respiratory tract infection in obstetrics and gynecology. Results 600 respiratory infections occurred in 50 cases and 53 pathogens with gram-negative bacteria accounted for 73.58%. Logistic regression analysis showed that emergency surgery, 2h, diabetes and pulmonary disease were all risk factors (P <0.05). In 600 postoperative patients, 198 patients had sleep disorders in obstetrics and gynecology surgery. According to Logistic regression by multivariate analysis, age, marriage, economic level, education level, medical payment method and pain were all risk factors affecting postoperative sleep disorders (P <0.05). Conclusion Postoperative respiratory tract infection in obstetrics and gynecology is mainly gram-negative bacteria. Appropriate antimicrobial intervention should be given according to the drug susceptibility test. There are many influencing factors of respiratory tract infection. The incidence of postoperative sleep disorders in patients with obstetrics and gynecology is at a high level, and corresponding interventions should be taken according to the relevant influencing factors to improve the postoperative sleep quality of patients.